Vafasöm beiting geðtengslakenningarinnar við mat á fötluðum foreldrum og börnum
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https://doi.org/10.24270/netla.2026/8Lykilorð:
fötlun, geðtengsl, barnavernd, forsjá, umgengni, sálfræðiÚtdráttur
Tilgangur þessarar greinar er að vekja athygli á vafasamri beitingu geðtengsla kenningar innar í barnaverndarmálum hér á landi. Höfundar greinarinnar byggja á fjölbreyttri reynslu sinni úr klínísku starfi, fræðilegri vinnu og rannsóknum. Tengsl foreldra og barna hafa ávallt haft þýðingu í barnaverndarmálum en upp á síðkastið hafa höfundar orðið vitni að breytingu þar sem geðtengslakenningin er farin að gegna ráðandi hlutverki í röksemdafærslu og til að réttlæta sviptingu forsjár eða umgengni. Jafnframt virðist aukin áhersla lögð á að styrkja vísindalegt lögmæti mælitækja sem eiga að mæla tengsl. Þessi þróun er áhyggjuefni af ýmsum ástæðum. Þótt geðtengslakenningin eigi sér stuðningsmenn og hafi ákveðið notagildi í barnaverndarstarfi, er til mikið af gögnum sem draga í efa grundvallarforsendur kenningarinnar, áreiðanleika mælitækja hennar, notkun hennar sem sönnunargagna fyrir dómi og hversu viðeigandi hún er fyrir fatlaða foreldra eða börn, einkum þá sem greinst hafa með þroskahömlun, einhverfu eða annars konar taugafjölbreytileika. Ekki ætti að leggja of mikið traust á slíkar vísindalega vafasamar mælingar eða gera þær að grundvelli þess að réttlæta forsjársviptingu, allra síst í málum sem virðast knúin áfram af fordómum, málum sem hægt væri að leysa með því að veita viðeigandi og markvissan stuðning. Meginmarkmið þessarar greinar er að setja fram sameiginlega, þverfræðilega yfirlýsingu sem er byggð á klínískri og fræðilegri sálfræði, fötlunarfræði og mannfræði til að vekja athygli á þessum málum meðal foreldra, stuðningsaðila þeirra, talsmanna, fagfólks og fræðafólks auk þess að fræða almenning. Í lok greinarinnar er fjallað um reynslu reynds lögmanns af notkun tengslamata í barnaverndarmálum og bent á mögulegar leiðir til frekari rannsókna.
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